NetCat (nc) is used to read and write to TCP and UDP network connections. It is an excellent tool for diagnosing network connectivity issues.
sudo apt-get install netcatTo listen to a specific port.
nc -l -p 8000To write to a specific port
nc 127.0.0.1 8000
nc -v 127.0.0.1 8000The phpMyAdmin tool is an SQL database manager written in PHP. It resides in the web root on your server, making it easily accessed from a web browser.
There are a number important security considerations when using software like phpMyAdmin, since it:
The phpMyAdmin tool is available for a number of different operating systems. This article will focus solely on the Linux installation.
While there are a number of ways to install phpMyAdmin, there is an easy quick install method. This involves downloading and extracting it directly to your web root directory. While you will need at least basic bash terminal knowledge, it is relatively trivial to set up. However, you will require sudo privileges or access to the web-user-account.
Following are the condensed steps for the quick install found in the phpMyAdmin documentation.
cd /www
sudo wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.1.1/phpMyAdmin-5.1.1-english.tar.gz -O phpMyAdmin.tar.gz
sudo tar -xvf phpMyAdmin.tar.gz
sudo chown -R wp-user:wp-user phpMyAdmin-5.1.1-english/
sudo cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
-O flagWhen a user logs into phpMyAdmin the username and password are sent directly to the SQL database. It is just an interface to the database, and any operation it does can be done on the command line. As such, all users must be valid database users.
You should use cookie mode authentication so that your user/password pair are not kept in the configuration file. The variable may be set in the example config file as:
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'cookie';You will need to also add a 'blowfish secret' value to the config file.
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'anyrandomtextyouwant';Deny access to the temp, libraries, and templates subdirectories. Put the following in the server directive of your nginx enabled sites file.
location /phpmyadmin/libraries { deny all; }
location /phpmyadmin/templates { deny all; }
location /phpmyadmin/tmp { deny all; }Code coverage allows you to determine how well unit-tests cover your codebase. The standard code coverage suite for JavaScript is the NYC interface for Istanbul. However, this package doesn’t play well with NodeJS modules. Instead we are going to use the C8 package. C8 uses functionality native to NodeJS to create output that is compatible with Istanbul reporters.
npm i --save-dev c8You can run c8 on any source file by simply passing in the appropriate node command.
$ npx c8 node src/index.js
-----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------
File | % Stmts | % Branch | % Funcs | % Lines | Uncovered Line #s
-----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------
All files | 88.23 | 100 | 50 | 88.23 |
MooYou.js | 84.61 | 100 | 50 | 84.61 | 9-10
index.js | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
-----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------You can also easily run it with your Mocha test files.
$ npx c8 mocha
MooYou Class Test
#who
✔ returns 'you'
1 passing (3ms)
-----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------
File | % Stmts | % Branch | % Funcs | % Lines | Uncovered Line #s
-----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------
All files | 84.61 | 100 | 50 | 84.61 |
MooYou.js | 84.61 | 100 | 50 | 84.61 | 9-10
-----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------C8 can be configured from the command line, in your package.json file, or in a configuration file in your project directory. In particular you can instruct C8 to report one files as opposed to just those in your tests (npx c8 --all mocha). You can also specify which files to include and/or ignore. See the configuration documentation for specific details.
By default the coverage data will be located in the coverage/tmp directory. You can change this directory with the --temp-directory.gitignore file.
Run npx c8 report to regenerate reports after c8 has already been run. Use the -r flag to specify which reporter to use, and the -o flag to specify where to output the report. By default generated reports can be found in the coverage/ dirctory.
npx c8 -r html mochanpx c8 -r html reportnpx c8 --temp-directory .c8 mocha
npx c8 report --temp-directory .c8 -o html_coverage -r htmlYou can add comments into your source code that tells c8 to ignore certain portions of code.
/* c8 ignore start */
function foo() {
...
}
/* c8 ignore stop *//* c8 ignore next */Often we alter or delete a file that we didn’t really want to. Sometimes this goes unnoticed for a few commits. It’s fairly easy in git to retrieve a specific file from a specific commit.
git checkout <commit> <path>
git checkout f08b32 ./src/main.c
git checkout HEAD~2 ./src/main.c$ git status
HEAD detached at 36bc359
nothing to commit, working tree clean
$ git branch fix-detached
$ git checkout main
$ git merge fix-detached -Xtheirs
$ git branch -d fix-detached